Quick Takeaways:
The English language has a rich history of borrowing words from other languages, especially from Latin. Latin abbreviations such as ‘a.m.’, ‘p.m.’ and ‘CV’ have become part of our everyday vocabulary. Such abbreviations are also frequently used in academic writing, from the ‘Ph.D.’ in the affiliation section to the ‘i.e.’, ‘e.g.’, ‘et al.’, and ‘QED’ in the rest of the paper.
This guide explains when and how to correctly use ‘et al.’ in a research paper.
試想像一下你平常是怎樣把適合自己需要的文章找出來呢? 你大概都只會很快地讀一讀摘要，再根據摘要的吸引程度，相關性及是否表達清晰去決定繼續閱讀內文與否。
有效的論文摘要是抓住讀者注意力的最有力工具，因此它應該要包含所有能讓讀者自行判斷該研究的重要性及相關性的資料。
由於論文摘要在學術世界中扮演著非常關鍵的角色，所以確保與該研究最相關的資料能以最有效的方式呈現在摘要中是極其重要。
IMRAD 輔助記憶法可助你更易聚焦到論文摘要的4個主要組成部分﹕
你可以根據上面的IMRAD輔助記憶法去組織你的論文摘要結構，當然你亦可以選用最簡單的單段落結構，但是無論使用哪種方式，你的摘要都必須在字數上限內包含以下的資料，一般論文摘要的字數上限建議為100至250字左右。
我們現在個別討論摘要中各主要組成部分。
1. Introduction 引言
你應該嘗試用不多於三句句子扼要地列出你的研究項目想要應對或解決的問題。
你要包括以下各重點﹕
2. Method 研究方法
你需要簡單形容如何進行你的研究。一個好的研究方法部分應該要包含以下資料﹕
3. Results 研究結果
你並不需要在此部分包括你收集到的所有研究結果資料，而是只包括其中最重要及最相關的結果即可。緊記在摘要中提及的研究結果應該要與你之前在引言所提出的研究問題有關聯及能夠幫助解答該研究問題。
4. Discussion 討論
你要在摘要的最後一部分清楚列出你的研究發現所可能帶出的影響。或者先問一問自己以下的問題會有幫助﹕
最後，緊記要為你的論文摘要加上一個強而有力的總結！
除了跟從上面的建議外，了解一下一些常見的摘要寫作陋習都有一定幫助。
記得要避免﹕
最後，我們的一個非常實用的建議﹕仔細檢查，或者找其他人或專業編輯給你提供意見及修改，直至不能更完美為止！
Wondering why some abbreviations such as ‘et al.’ and ‘e.g.’ use periods, whereas others such as CV and AD don’t? Periods are typically used if the abbreviations include lowercase or mixed-case letters. They’re usually not used with abbreviations containing only uppercase letters.
Our latest online workshop built on the success of face-to-face workshops we developed specifically for local universities. Over 30 faculty members joined the session, presented by our Chief Operating Officer, Mr Nick Case, to learn from our case studies on editing research proposals.
The response to our workshop, which included a constructive and insightful Q&A session, was very positive.Drawing on our extensive experience working with hundreds of Hong Kong researchers targeting the GRF and ECS every year, we used examples of poor and subsequently improved proposals to show the attendees how they can make their applications stand out. The response to our workshop, which included a constructive and insightful Q&A session, was very positive.Drawing on our extensive experience working with hundreds of Hong Kong researchers targeting the GRF and ECS every year, we used examples of poor and subsequently improved proposals to show the attendees how they can make their applications stand out. The response to our workshop, which included a constructive and insightful Q&A session, was very positive.Drawing on our extensive experience working with hundreds of Hong Kong researchers targeting the GRF and ECS every year, we used examples of poor and subsequently improved proposals to show the attendees how they can make their applications stand out.
Wondering why some abbreviations such as ‘et al.’ and ‘e.g.’ use periods, whereas others such as CV and AD don’t? Periods are typically used if the abbreviations include lowercase or mixed-case letters. They’re usually not used with abbreviations containing only uppercase letters.
Rachel於2001年剛在 University of Exeter 取得博士學位的同時以自由編輯的身份首次加入我們。在擔任博士後研究人員數年之後，她專注於大學教授心理學，並於2010年回到AsiaEdit，並專注於學術編輯專業。她於2018年升任助理總編輯，並於2020年繼而成為我們的聯合主編。由於無法完全離開學術界，她還在意大利的一所英語大學教授心理學。
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