在上两篇网志中,我们讨论过如何做文献检索和评估所找到的文献是否适用,亦分享了一些组织和撰写文献综述 (Literature Review) 内容的实用贴士。现在,我们准备谈谈如何为您的文献综述作总结。
撰写文献综述的其中一个目标就是要说明您的研究的目的和贡献。因此,您的文献综述应该要包涵以下这些资料以阐释您的研究的理据:
单纯填补缺口从来都不会是合理的理据
您需要在文献综述的结尾清楚说明您的研究的重要性以及您期望可以取得哪些成果。
请紧记: 只简单地说「过往研究或文献中存在缺口」是肯定不足够的,这样可能会误导读者有研究缺口只是因为没有充份的理由去填补该缺口而已。
那么,您需要考虑在您文献综述的总结部分包括些什么呢?
1. 研究的目的或目标
首先,您一定要清楚了解您的研究的目的或目标是什么。举个例,您需要清晰交代您的研究是否:
2. 研究的重要意义
尝试具体说明您的研究的重要性在哪里,并清楚知道该研究能带来什么好处及什么人会获益。
在此举几个例子,研究能带来的好处包括:
撰写文献综述总结部分的步骤
文献综述的总结部分其实只需要几句句子就足够,切忌写得太冗长!
当然你可以跟随以下的步骤及灵活运用我们为您提供的范例句式:
第一步: 由一句强调研究缺口的句子开始
如果您还是没有头绪如何开始下笔,可以考虑参考以下的范例句子:
Despite the aforementioned theoretical inferences, no study to date has provided empirical support for the hypothesized effects
Given the lack of evidence for the applicability of this psychological intervention in Asian populations…
第二步: 陈述您怎样应对问题
或者可以参考以下的范例句子:
Therefore, in a series of experiments, we explored the direct effects of a on b and c, and tested whether m had a moderating influence on these effects
…we conducted a randomised control trial with a sample of patients who attended the clinic at ABC Hospital.
第三步: 总结您的研究发现为理论或实践方面带来的贡献
您可以考虑参考以下的范例句子:
The results not only provide support for the theory, but also have practical implications for industry and government decision makers
Confirmation of the suitability of the intervention in this population will provide an alternative choice of treatment for this condition, which will benefit both patients and clinicians.
最后,下面两个典型的文献探讨总结部分示范是由整合上面的范例句子而组成的。
“Despite the aforementioned theoretical inferences, no study to date has provided empirical support for the hypothesized effects. Therefore, in a series of experiments, we explored the direct effects of a on b and c, and tested whether m had a moderating influence on these effects. The results not only provide support for the theory, but also have practical implications for industry and government decision makers.”
“Given the lack of evidence for the applicability of this psychological intervention in Asian populations, we conducted a randomised control trial with a sample of patients who attended the clinic at ABC Hospital. Confirmation of the suitability of the intervention in this population will provide an alternative choice of treatment for this condition, which will benefit both patients and clinicians.”
但是,要时刻紧记您的用词将会因应您的研究的性质而有所改变。
而且,无论您的用词如何,总结部分的最基本的内容是不会改变的,要确保在总结部分提及以下内容: